Birds are running out of places to land: 45 percent of migratory bird species now in decline
On September 11, 2026, BirdLife International released the State of the World’s Birds report at the Global Flyways Summit held in Nairobi, Kenya.
BirdLife Partners, Non-Government Organizations, Governments and financial institutions signed the Nairobi Flyways Declaration, as development bank initiatives spanning Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas move into delivery.
The full story
BirdLife International has just released the State of the World’s Birds report.
It was launched at the Global Flyways Summit, co-hosted by Nature Kenya. Published every four years, this is the first edition devoted to migratory birds and the flyways they depend on.
The summit also saw key stakeholders including governments, scientists, Non-Government Organizations, conservationists and financial institutions sign the Nairobi Flyways Declaration.
They are committing to stepping up efforts and cooperation to protect migratory birds and their habitats across borders, alongside more than US$6 billion in conservation finance being mobilised by development banks since 2021.
Together, these milestones signal a step-change in coordinated global response for flyway conservation.
State of the World’s Birds: the findings
The report’s findings are stark; 45 percent of migratory bird species are in decline. One in nine is threatened with extinction.
The 2025 extinction of the Slender-billed Curlew, last recorded at a Moroccan lagoon in February 1995, marks the first global bird extinction in mainland Eurasia and Africa in recent centuries, with six other migratory species confirmed or suspected to have been lost in the last 150 years.
Species dependent on marine habitats, forests and coastal wetlands are faring particularly poorly; seabirds and shorebirds are among the most threatened.
Yet the report also documents hope.
These declines stem from well-understood, human-caused factors: invasive species, agricultural intensification, climate change, and unsustainable hunting.
When farming, fishing and land practices are addressed across a whole migration route, rather than at single sites, bird populations respond. For example, multi-country action for Egyptian Vulture has halted the decline of the Balkan breeding population.
“Migratory birds are sentinels, and their declines reveal growing pressure on the natural systems that sustain us. But the science is equally clear: conservation works, with co-ordinated action preventing extinctions and helping populations recover. The solutions exist: what is needed now is their implementation at flyway scale.”
Dr Stuart Butchart FRS, Chief Scientist, BirdLife International, and senior editor of State of the World’s Birds
Why flyways matter
This report highlights a fundamental truth: a flyway is not simply a line on a map, but a broad interconnected network of critical sites and essential habitats supporting migratory birds across continents and seasons. When one link is broken or weakened, the entire chain is at risk.
Recognising this interconnectedness, BirdLife International — the only global Partnership conserving birds and all life on our planet, with 125 Partners in 120 countries — developed the Global Flyways Programme. Rather than focusing on individual sites, species or national borders, this approach aims to secure and restore entire flyways, with Partners working together from breeding grounds to stopover sites and non-breeding areas.
World leaders sign the Nairobi Flyways Declaration
At the summit today, leaders, scientists and conservation organisations signed the Nairobi Flyways Declaration, an unprecedented commitment to coordinated, flyway-scale conservation. The Declaration recognises that migratory birds’ cross borders and continents; their survival depends on action by many stakeholders across entire flyways, not isolated national efforts.
“Migratory birds do not recognise borders. They connect Asia to Africa, the Arctic to the tropics. The Nairobi Flyways Declaration acknowledges this reality — that it needs international cooperation and coordination to keep migratory birds safe. I am excited and proud to see that the scientific community, conservation organisations and the financial sector are uniting to make this happen. At last!! We stand at an important turning point. We have been waiting for this moment for a long time.”
Her Imperial Highness Princess Takamado, and Honorary President, BirdLife International
Billions being mobilized for flyway conservation
Senior representatives from the World Bank and regional development banks attended the summit, signalling unprecedented institutional commitment.
Three multilateral development banks are integrating flyway conservation into their lending frameworks, bringing commitments made since 2021 to more than US$6 billion.
The Asian Development Bank is mobilising US$3 billion over the next decade to protect at least 50 priority wetlands across the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, supporting nearly 200 million people who depend on these ecosystems.
In the Americas, the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean is mobilising between US$3 and 5 billion through 2050 to safeguard more than 30 landscapes and seascapes.
The World Bank and BirdLife are mobilising several billion dollars across Africa, Europe and Asia along flyways used by more than two billion migratory birds.
Momentum is also growing for community-led action. In June 2026, the Global Environment Facility approved the Global Flyways Grant Mechanism, providing US$8.97 million in direct grants and US$107 million in co-financing for conservation and restoration across nine million hectares of wetlands, benefiting an estimated 330,000 people.
“As a proud co-host of the Global Flyways Summit, Nature Kenya is honoured to bring African perspectives. The birds that breed in Europe, Asia and the Arctic depend on our wetlands, grasslands and forests. The Nairobi Declaration and finance commitments recognise that African nations are not just stakeholders: we are stewards of solutions.”
Dr Paul Matiku, Executive Director, Nature Kenya
“The State of the World’s Birds report is unambiguous: we are losing migratory birds at an alarming rate. But today’s Nairobi Declaration signals a turning point. We need everyone to step up and play their part. That means governments, business and civil society. Development banks are rising to the challenge. The BirdLife Partnership is prepared to act. We now need others to step up to reverse the declines and save the wonder of migration.”
Martin Harper, Chief Executive, BirdLife International
About BirdLife International
BirdLife International is the only global Partnership conserving birds and all life on the planet, existing to give one voice to nature, and to unite and strengthen conservation across borders.
It is made up of 125 national conservation organisations in 120 countries and territories, and a Global Team.
About Nature Kenya
Founded in 1909, Nature Kenya – the East Africa Natural History Society – is Kenya’s oldest and most respected biodiversity conservation organisation and the national Partner of BirdLife International. For more than a century, it has led the identification, monitoring and conservation of biodiversity at ecologically vital sites.
But why Birds?
Birds are effective barometers of planetary health. Found on every continent and in almost every habitat, they are among the world’s most closely studied species and respond rapidly to environmental change.
Their population trends often mirror those of other wildlife, making them powerful indicators of the health of the natural world. Migratory birds are particularly sensitive indicators because they are exposed to threats across their annual cycles and in their breeding, passage and non-breeding ranges.
State of the World’s Birds: The Key Statistics
- Over 45 Percent of migratory bird species are in decline
- One in nine (11 percent) migratory species is threatened with extinction
- Seven migratory species confirmed or suspected to have been lost in the last 150 years
Slender-billed Curlew was officially declared extinct in 2025; last confirmed record Morocco, February 1995 — the first global bird extinction in mainland Eurasia and Africa in recent centuries
Seabirds and shorebirds are the most threatened groups; species dependent on marine habitats, forests and coastal wetlands are faring particularly poorly
Drivers of decline are overwhelmingly human-caused: invasive alien species; agricultural expansion and intensification; climate change; and unsustainable hunting and trapping
FINANCING BACKGROUND
Three multilateral development banks have integrated flyway conservation into their lending frameworks.
Regional Flyway Initiative
Asian Development Bank. US$3 billion being mobilised over ten years to protect, manage and restore at least 50 priority wetlands across the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Nearly 200 million people depend on these wetlands, alongside more than 50 million migratory waterbirds of over 210 species. Launched October 2021 with the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership and BirdLife International.
Americas Flyways Initiative
Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF).
US$3–5 billion being mobilised through 2050 across more than 30 landscapes and seascapes in 35 countries. Partnership includes BirdLife International and the National Audubon Society. Launched September 2023; implementation phase began January 2025. The Chongón–Posorja transmission line in Ecuador, approximately $200 million with CELEC, was designed using AFI science.
African-Eurasian Flyway Initiative
World Bank. Several billion dollars being mobilised over the coming decade.
Agreed with BirdLife International in October 2025.
A grant of over US$10 million from the Ecological Restoration Fund followed in June 2026. The route supports more than two billion migratory birds crossing Africa, Europe and Asia.
Global Flyways Grant Mechanism (GEF Project 12290).
Concept approved by the Global Environment Facility on 3 June 2026.
The mechanism channels funding directly to civil society organisations: US$8.97 million in direct grants and US$107 million in co-financing, for conservation and restoration across nine million hectares of wetlands, benefiting an estimated 330,000 people.